In most cases, a fine needle aspiration is chosen when the lump is likely to be filled with fluid. FNAC (fine-needle aspiration cytology) of a breast cyst involves using a thin needle to drain the fluid, which is then examined to determine if the cyst is benign or malignant.
The procedure of FNAC is generally done under Ultrasound guidance in local anesthesia. It typically requires no incisions or stitches and can be performed in an outpatient setting. During this procedure, the lump should collapse once the fluid inside has been drawn and discarded.
This is a quick, minimally invasive procedure, often done in an outpatient setting, that can confirm a benign diagnosis, alleviating the need for surgery, or help identify malignancy to plan proper treatment

• A thin needle attached to a syringe is inserted into the breast cyst, and the fluid is aspirated, or drained, out.
• The needle may be guided by palpation or ultrasound.
• The fluid sample is then sent to a laboratory to be analyzed under a microscope.

• Purpose and benefits:

• Diagnosis: To determine if the cyst is benign or malignant.
• Pain relief: The aspiration process can relieve pain or discomfort caused by the cyst.
• Avoids unnecessary surgery: If the cyst is confirmed to be benign, FNAC can prevent the need for surgery.
• Definitive treatment planning: If the results show a malignant lesion, it allows for prompt and appropriate treatment planning.
• Cost-effective and rapid: It is a quick and relatively inexpensive outpatient procedure.

Indication of FNAC:

• Aspiration of a simple cyst or a complex cyst.
• Aspiration of an Abscess.
• FNAC is indicated when the axillary nodes appear suspicious on clinical examination and/or ultrasound.

You should be able to get back to your normal activities the next day.

• Pain or discomfort: You may feel mild pain or discomfort at the needle site during or after the procedure.
• Bruising or swelling: Minor bruising or swelling is a common and temporary side effect.
• Minor bleeding: A small amount of bleeding at the puncture site can occur but is usually minor.

Less common and rare side effects

• Infection: Although rare, there is a small risk of infection at the site.
• Hematoma: A blood clot under the skin can form, causing swelling and discomfort.
• Damage to surrounding structures: This is a very rare complication, especially if the test is performed in a deep or vascular area.

What to do

• For pain, bruising, or swelling:

Applying ice can help reduce discomfort and swelling. Your doctor may also recommend over-the-counter pain relievers.

• Before the procedure:

Inform your doctor about any bleeding disorders or medications you are taking, especially blood thinners, as this may increase your risk of bleeding.